The events commemorated by Purim took place in the
ancient Persian Empire, in the fifth century BCE, under the reign of King Achashverosh.
Mordechai, a Jew, refused to bow down and prostrate himself before Haman, the vizier to the
King. Haman immediately set out "to destroy all the Jews that were throughout the whole kingdom of
Achashverosh" (Esther 3,6). In order to effect his vicious racist plan, Haman
decided to enlist the aid of the unsuspecting King
Achashverosh. Since Haman was a very superstitious person, he had lots cast to determine on which day he
should carry out his design. The word for lots is "Purim", and from it we get the
name for the holiday. The chosen date was the thirteenth of Adar.
The king, who trusted Haman, agreed to his plan to murder the Jews. For Haman had told him that the Jews
were "scattered abroad in all the provinces," and that "their laws are different from those of every people" (Esther
3,8).
Letters, written by Haman and signed by the king, were sent out throughout all the provinces, commanding all
persons "to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish all the Jews" (Esther 3,13). The Jews would have been
massacred, had it not been for Esther, Mordechai's cousin, who had been chosen queen a few years earlier. Queen
Esther was able to intercede and save the Jewish community from genocide.
Haman was hanged on the gallows which he himself had prepared for Mordechai.
The Jews of Persia were spared and judgments were executed on their enemies.
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Mordechai thereupon sent letters to all the Jews,calling upon them to observe the fourteenth and the
fifteenth of Adar, "the days wherein the Jews had
rest from their enemies, and the month which was
turned for them from sorrow to gladness, and from
mourning into a good day; that they should make
them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending
portions (mishloach manot) one to another and gifts
to the poor (matanot la'evyonim)" (Esther 9,22).
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